Moral Responsibility in Business

Moral Responsibility in Business Moral responsibility Moral responsibility is the voluntary attributable responsibility ensuring that acts knowingly and intentionally carried out by rational human beings dont cause injury to other individuals. Wilmot (2001) contrasts the theories that from a business perspective, moral responsibility can be described as the quality of corporate behaviour by which the responsible corporation displays such characteristics as wisdom, prudence and moral fortitude, however from another perspective can be held to mean forcing corporations to account for their actions much as one would an individual. According to Constantinescu and Kaptein (2015), moral responsibility for outcomes in corporate settings can be ascribed individuals within the corporation, the corporation itself, or both, defining these as individual moral responsibility, corperate moral responsibility and Summative Corporate Moral Responsibility. There is a common held traditional belief that the product itself doesnt denote responsibility itself and that it is the user who has ultimate responsibility however this has been distorted over time to incorporate products liability and the effects thereof. According to Federwisch (2015), an individual or party is morally responsible for an event as long as three premises are met, namely if they caused the event to occur, they acted within the bounds of reason and they could have prevented the event from occurring. An example of this is the Perrier scandal in 1992, when a US production site discovered bottles containing the toxic chemical benzene. Perrier was arguably the market lead with over 60% sales derived from overseas exports. Having no contingency plan for product recall, the managements initial response was to pass the event off as an isolated incident, however when benzene was identified in Perrier globally, this was identified as an untenable explanation. In order to attempt to maintain reputation, a product recall of 160 million bottles from 120 countries was instigated at a cost of over $250m. Unfortunately, there was a delay in action from the company and poor decision making along with poor communication led to a loss of reputation among consumers (Caesar-Gordon., 2015). Subsequently, Perrier effectively went out of business, being brought up by the Nestlà © cooperation. This can be contrasted with the earlier effects of the Johnson and Johnson Tylenol event when in the eighties, packets of the pain killer Tylenol were deliberately contaminated with cyanide and placed upon the shelves resulting in several deaths. Immediately, the management body at the manufacturers made an ethical decision in accordance with their ethical perspective and halted the advertising campaign from the product, recalled 31 million bottles- Tylenol accounted for 17% of the companies net income, causing a cost of $100 million. Ultimately, the decision proved to be highly successful. Whilst initial losses were apparent, and stock prices in the firm dipped, public confidence in the firm was restored by the action and within two months of the event, the stock prices recovered and the company regained its market position (Benoit, 2012). There are however, examples in which the conditions become a grey area, notably in the manufacture of products that are designed to cause harm, creating a paradox in the subject of moral responsibility. Constantinescu and Kaptein (2015) posed the question, is there any point in discussing the morality of organizations when this could be rendered redundant in light of existing legislation-as such, do ethics transend law. Comparative morality suggests they do in that a firm may be acting within the bounds of legality, yet still perform unethical actions. An example of this is the production of armaments. Guns are designed to kill. They may not be employed as such as they can be used for certain non-lethal sporting practices e.g. target, filed and skeet (clay pigeon) however that dos not detract from the fact that the primary rationale for the design of a gun is to have the ability to kill. As such it becomes difficult to prove that the product was misused relative to its design specifi cation whilst maintaining that the action met with the conditions outlined earlier that denote responsibility. According to Kurtzleben (2015), it is not true that gun manufacturers are not liable for their goods, however, they have specific legal protections against liability that very few other industries can share, namely the Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act of 2005-this doesnt absolve arms manufacturers from liability pertaining to defects in the construction of the item however it does provide the mechanism by which use of the device within its intended purpose cannot de facto be classified as misuse thereby, if such a weapon was used to cause harm to an individual, then it is performing as it was intended and a case cannot be bought against the manufacturer. If conversely during the process, the weapon self-destructs and harms the user then the manufacturer is liable. Wilmott (2001) raises the question that the application of corporate responsibility being aimed at the organisation rather than the actions of an individual arises because the probability of ascertaining guilt amongst a complex organisation is unlikely therefore the outcome is questionable. This leads to examination of the nature of punishments incurred by the relative organisation which may often appear complex and disproportionate, however this can reflect upon the nature of the punishment being control or deterrence, and can be compounded by the effect of reputation and image in light of a positive outcome. References Benoit, A. (2012, November 11). Johnson and Johnson: Recalling, Reassuring, and Reviving. Retrieved March 11, 2017, from https://bizgovsoc4.wordpress.com/2012/11/11/johnson-and-johnson-recalling-reassuring-and-reviving-2/ Constantinescu, M., Kaptein, M. (2015). Mutually enhancing responsibility: a theoretical exploration of the interaction mechanisms between individual and corporate moral responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics: JBE; Dordrecht129.2 (Jun 2015): 325-339. Caesar-Gordon , A. (2015). Lessons to learn from a product recall .Retrieved March 04, 2017, from http://www.prweek.com/article/1357209/lessons-learn-product-recall Federwisch, A. (2015). The Ethics of Product Usage. Retrieved March 11, 2017, from https://www.scu.edu/ethics/focus-areas/business-ethics/resources/the-ethics-of-product-usage/ Kurtzleben (2015), http://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/10/06/446348616/fact-check-are-gun-makers-totally-free-of-liability-for-their-behavior Wilmot, S., (2001). Corporate moral responsibility: What can we infer from our understanding of organisations? Journal of Business Ethics: JBE; Dordrecht30.2 (Mar 2001): 161-169

British Imperialism Essay

Jordan Shiber Pd. 5 European Imperialism in parts of the Middle East, Africa, and Asia had a more positive impact on the world. The three main reasons I say this is one, Europeans truly thought they were doing good by imposing on other countries. They thought buy bringing in new cultures and traditions the country would be better off and it would benefit them and the country there are imposing on because both countries would be together and the country taking them over would have new and useful resources and the country being taken over would be a part of the European success and gain new ideas and a way of life.Jules Ferry said, â€Å"something else is needed for France:†¦that she must also be a great country exercising all of her rightful influence over the destiny of Europe, that she ought to propagate this influence throughout the world and carry everywhere that she can her language, her customs, her flag, her arms, and her genius†. (Beck 351) This translates to basic ally the definition of assimilation, or influencing a country using your customs, traditions, and way of life.Second, European countries were more modernized than African countries so by invading they are helping to modernize Africa. Just look at Africa today compared to back then especially South Africa, they are extremely modernized other than the desert parts. Lastly, the invasion of European countries gave the Africans more job opportunities which helped their economy. Before I get into the individual countries positive affects, think about Social Darwinism or basically survival of the fittest.If a country is too weak to defend itself and another country can take it over and successfully run the country, they should be able to without any complaints. To start off, the Europeans thought that they were actually good by invading Africa and imposing their ideas on them. They thought by bringing in new ideas and traditions it would actually benefit the Africans. Also, really good inf rastructure was built throughout Africa. Next, Africa and other places werent as modernized as Europe. Africans decided they had to adjust to the modern world or be consumed by it.The invasion of Europeans basically influenced them to change and become more like the rest of the world. In 1831, Muhammad Ali gained control of Syria and Arabia. He began a series of reforms in the military and in the economy. The Suez Canal’s construction was supported by his grandson, Ismail. The European influenced is what caused this canal to be built along with any other reform in Egypt. Egypt wanted to basically show their dominance by gaining power. This is a positive effect because other countries are starting to make themselves stronger.The final reason that European imperialism had a more positive impact on the world was that it gave out more job opportunities to those being invaded and helped the countries econmy and its way of life. Some examples of job created due to the invasion are servants,labourers on infrastructure projects, and soldiers in colonial armies. Also, local warfare was reduced and new hospitals and schools were provided. Another thing is richer families could send their children or even themselves to Europe so they could get a way better education.To conclude European Imperialism in parts of the Middle East, Africa, and Asia, I would say it had a more positive effect. Europeans thought they were doing something good by imposing on other countries. They thought it was a good idea to bring in their way of life and influence the other people. Second, imperialism in Africa influenced some countries so not just sit back and let it be but to show their power and dominance. Lastly, imperialism created more job opportunities and helped out the country itself.Dadabhi Naoroji said â€Å"The genius and spirit of the British people is fair play and justice†. (Beck 351) This means is was okay for the British to do what they are doing. This is how Euro pean Imperialism in parts of the Middle East, Africa, and Asia had a more positive impact on the world. MLA Citations: Beck, Roger B. Modern World History: Patterns of Interaction. Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell, 2005. Print. Fieldhouse, David K. â€Å"Western Imperialism in the Middle East, 1914A? A? A? 1958. † Western Imperialism in the Middle East, 1914A? A? A? 1958. N. p. , n. d. Web. 14 Feb. 2013.

Nature versus Nurture Celebrity Status - 547 Words

An individuals status of celebrity is showcased through social media outlets, such as TMZ and Twitter. The constant access to these individuals of higher status brings to question whether nature or nurture influences their _____. â€Å"Nature is the inherent way a person is born, due to genetics. Nurture is the way a person is formed by outside sources in the world†, Nature Vs Nurture blog post. Genetically, these individuals are like you and I; skin, blood, two eyes, a nose, ears and a mouth. Basic genetics that should not give one person a higher status than another. So, why do we have celebrities? What makes them special or different? If we are all basically the same, why cant I be a celebrity? Is a star really born or created? Pop artist Andy Warhol first famously coined, â€Å"everyone will be famous for fifteen minutes† (2) in a Time article that we can now reflect and agree with the statement. Reality TV and youtube opened new doors for waves of people that could become famous overnight. Reality stars are a prime example of the type of stars that have no talent and are often times just ‘regular people’. These people get put in a living situation in which the camera keeps rolling until they get anything entertaining that can be cut and edited into a show. Kim Kardashian, Nicole Elizabeth Polizzi (also known as Snooki), Courtney Stodden and many more of these reality stars have all turned into household names in which we made famous by watching mindless reality television.Show MoreRelatedLeadership Assessment of Billy Graham Essay2591 Words   |  11 Pagesdivision among the churches as well as cultural traditions. He is motivated by love of God and that love is transferred to loving people and himself. He recognizes that he is man and he recognizes the flaws the stain that sin has left on the human nature. There are many developmental areas to consider in a leader. The ones that will be discussed in light of Dr. Billy Graham and his leadership style is Cultural Development, Relational Spirituality, Holistic Spirituality, Process Spirituality, Spirit-filledRead MoreSocialization6074 Words   |  25 Pagessocialization 12. â€Å"Human nature is innate.† This statement is an example of which side of the nature/ nurture debate? a. The statement is an example of the nurture side of the debate. b. The statement is an example of the nature side of the debate. c. The statement is an example of neither the nurture nor the nature side of the debate. d. The statement is an example of either the nurture or the nature side of the debate. e. The statement is an example of both the nurture and the nature side of the debateRead MoreThemes Of Development : Prenatal6705 Words   |  27 Pagesthe development of the cells into various parts of the human body (Broderick Blewitt, 2015). 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Fracture and Fatigue of Titanium Metal Matrix Composites Free Essay Example, 1000 words

Outer diameter, inner diameter, overall length, and overall thickness are important dimensions. Most materials are cast, wrought, extruded, forged, cold-finished, hot-rolled, or formed by compacting powdered metals or alloys. Performance features for titanium and titanium alloys include resistance to corrosion, heat, and wear. Ti MMCs offer provide potential advantages for structural applications, where they combine the high strength, high temperature capability, and oxidation resistance of titanium with an increase in stiffness provided by the ceramic reinforcement. Another thing is that they have the advantage of being isotropic in behavior, cheaper to manufacture and more amenable to subsequent processing and component forming operations. Of all the potential reinforcing phases for titanium which includes TiB, TiB2, SiC, Al2O3, and TiC, TiB offers the best balance of stiffness, stability, and similarity of thermal expansion coefficients. Other properties, such as the strength of metal matrix composites, depend in a much more complex manner on composite microstructure. The strength of a fiber-reinforced composite, for example, is determined by fracture processes, themselves governed by a combination of micro structural phenomena and features. These include plastic deformation of the matrix, the presence of brittle phases in the matrix, the strength of the interface, the distribution of flaws in the reinforcement, and the distribution of the reinforcement within the composite. We will write a custom essay sample on Fracture and Fatigue of Titanium Metal Matrix Composites or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Thus in this way the properties of Ti MMCs have been taken into consideration. Now let’s consider the idea of reinforcements. Basically reinforcements used in metal matrix composites fall under the following categories. They are continuous fibers, short fibers, whiskers, equiaxed particles, and interconnected networks. In continuous fibers when we consider the case of monofilaments, silicon carbide monofilament comes into picture. Silicon carbide monofilaments are made by a process called chemical vapor deposition in which tungsten or carbon core is used. If we look at the commercial product, a Japanese multifilament yarn which is designated as silicon carbide by the manufacturers is available. However this is made of pryolosis of organo- metallic precursor fiber and thus it is not a pure silicon carbide. This can be attributed by the fact that the properties differ significantly from those of monofilament silicon carbide. Now we will consider the concept of linear elastic concept mechanics.

Essay on Luck and Fate in The Rocking Horse Winner

Luck and Fate in The Rocking Horse Winner nbsp; The Rocking Horse Winner, by D.H. Lawrence, is an informative story about luck and ones own fortune.nbsp; In this story, Lawrence attempts to illustrate how one can guide ones own fate, instead of allowing things to happen by chance.nbsp; He believes that the only person that affects what happens to someone, is really that person himself.nbsp; Everything is what you make of it, is Lawrences message to the reader.nbsp; By his use of characterization, instructional images, and irony in The Rocking Horse Winner, D.H. Lawrence attempts to convey to the reader that success and luck are not something that one simply waits for to arrive, but things that one must works to achieve.†¦show more content†¦nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Lawrence also uses a few well placed images to show the reader the difference between working for ones money and then investing it wisely, and squandering money that one does not know the value of.nbsp; The first set of images include Paul furiously rocking away at his riding the wooden horse, to find where there is luck.nbsp; Paul understood that if he was to succeed, he would have to work, despite what people said about his work.nbsp; This knowledge also gave him a sense of the value of any money he collected.nbsp; Another of the first group of images include Pauls method of investment of his gains.nbsp; Because of the effort he had to expend, he was not about to spend his money unwisely.nbsp; Instead, he invested it in sure deals, always being cautious when he was not quite sure.nbsp; He even kept a reserve in case of the unthinkable.nbsp; The second set of images include Hester, who receives her money without having to work for it, getting no sense of its worth.nbsp; Upon gaining the five thousand Paul leaves aside for her, she immediately spends it on superfluous things, causing the voices in the walls to simply trill and scream in a sort of ecstasy.nbsp;nbsp;Show MoreRelatedEngl 102 Fiction Essay770 Words   |  4 PagesFiction Essay Liberty University Online Micheal McIntosh Fiction Essay The first of the two stories I chose to compare and contrast is titled â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson and the second story is titled â€Å"The Rocking-Horse Winner† by D.H. Lawrence. I will compare each of their themes, characters, and plot developments in which they are both similar and different. One of the strongest comparison would be that both stories deal with the subject of luck in oneRead MoreFiction Essay1012 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish 102 B18 Fiction Essay The short story has been an intricate part of literature going back as far as it’s actual â€Å"writing down† was invented. Perhaps two of the most intriguing and somewhat tragic short stories is that of D.H. Lawrence’s, â€Å"The Rocking-Horse Winner† and Shirley Jackson’s, â€Å"The Lottery†. With the classic theme of â€Å"luck† and what that means in each story, we see two very different meanings as these two stories unfold. In â€Å"The Rocking-Horse Winner†, we see the protagonistRead MoreThe Rocking Horse Winner By F. Lawrence2382 Words   |  10 Pagesmoney. D. H. Lawrence’s short story â€Å"The Rocking Horse Winner† tells of a boy, Paul, who desires love and affection from his mother, Hester, but she is so wrapped up in her concerns with money that she does not display any of this needed affection toward her son or any of her children. She has grown unloving and bitter due to her husband’s ina bility to meet her expectations, and she tells Paul his father is unlucky. Full of curiosity, Paul asks his mother what luck is, and she tells him, â€Å"‘It’s what causesRead MoreThe Rocking Horse Winner And Freud Analysis1755 Words   |  8 Pagesof psychoanalysis, which I will be using in this essay. Freud considered many theories about the unconscious mind and how they contributed to ones behavior, judgment, and feelings. I will be analysing two parts starting with the on the Id, ego, superego, and the oedipus complex of both main characters. Than finishing with why I believe both characters acted in the way they did. Showing the reader how the mind of Paul in, â€Å"The Rocking Horse Winner,† and Patrick Bateman in, â€Å"American Psycho,† areRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pages60 characteristics of effective managers. The 10 identified most often are listed in Table 1. Not surprisingly, these 10 characteristics are all behavioral skills. They are not personality attributes or styles, nor are they generalizations such as â€Å"luck† or â€Å"timing.† They also are common across industries, levels, and job responsibilities. The characteristics of effective managers are not a secret. The management skills derived from our study are similar to those resulting from several other surveys

William and Ellen Craft Free Essays

3-7-2012 Running a Thousand Miles for Freedom By: William Craft and Ellen Craft Beginning in the principal slave state of Georgia, â€Å"Running a Thousand Miles for Freedom† details the adventure and eventual escape from slavery of William Kraft and his wife Ellen craft. In December of 1848, both received written passes from their owners allowing them a few days away together. They would make the most of it and never return to bondage. We will write a custom essay sample on William and Ellen Craft or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ellen craft was the daughter of her first master and as such was almost white. So much so that after being frequently mistaken as a child of the house she was given to a daughter, her half-sister, as a wedding present when she was 11 years old. Though both William and Ellen’s Masters were moderately humane; neither could stand the thought of marriage or children while being slaves. Ellen in particular, after being separated from her own mother at such a tender age, could not stomach the thought of her own child being taken away from her in a similar manner. But as they saw no escape from their positions, they eventually were married. William Kraft focuses on the adventure of their escape and how the mindset of American slaveholders seemed to continually oppress his race while giving written appreciation to those who helped in securing their freedom along the way. William, himself, was a cabinet maker who watched as his entire family was sold one by one for money or to pay his master’s debt. Through this great anguish or more so because of it, he devised a plan to disguise his nearly white wife as an invalid white gentleman and he as a servant slave to him. Leading up to their few days pass, William purchased Ellen’s disguise a piece at a time from different parts of the city. At the appointed time, she put on trousers, a gentleman’s jacket, and a top hat. Some bandages about her face, spectacles, and sling on her writing hand completed the outfit and their journey began. First they boarded a train to savannah, Georgia, and then took an omnibus to the steamer bound for Charleston, South Carolina. They traveled through Richmond to Baltimore, with not one person seeing through Ellen’s disguise though they were questioned several times and both were scared and sleep deprived. Their biggest test came in Baltimore while securing tickets to Philadelphia as this was the last port before they would arrive in a free state. William was questioned by an officer who saw him on the train and both he and Ellen had to satisfy the man that Ellen, playing the part of a Mr. Johnson, had the right to take his slave to Philadelphia with him for the purpose of seeking medical advice for Mr. Johnson’s supposed rheumatism. Through sheer will and determination they were able to continue this facade and allowed to board the train, where they arrived in the free state of Pennsylvania on Christmas day. With the enactment of the Fugitive Slave Bill their safety was no longer guaranteed and they left America after two years in Boston. They sailed to England, where they would live in exile for the next 19 years and have numerous children. They would be abolitionists, teachers, authors, and speakers for the rest of their lives. The author gives thanks to the abolitionists and the anti-slavery movement leaders by including their names and the specific event and manner in which their aid was given. He directly expresses how he and his wife could not have completed this journey without it. He is very descriptive yet conveys their story not from the perspective of a violated victim of slavery- but from an enlightened position of knowledge having overcame the trappings of bondage. It is of particular note the irony and shame of a country founded on the principles of freedom, having fought and died for that cause of escape from England, forcing these honorable human beings to that same country in order to preserve their own freedom. How to cite William and Ellen Craft, Essay examples

Understanding of Business Model-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Disucss about the Business Model. Answer: Introduction Business model can be defined as a plan for successful business operation, which identifies the revenue sources, customer bases, products and details of financing for an organization (DaSilva Trkman, 2014). This study will describe business model as per the article on The Business Model: Recent Developments and Future Research written by Zott, Amit and Massa. The study will describe the notions like e-business archetype, business model as activity system and cost/revenue architecture. Moreover, the study will show the usage of such business models in solving inert and active business problem. Besides this, the discussion will also focus on the essentiality of change in business through the example of Planet Innovation Organization. Discussion Business model refers to the content, structure and governance of transaction, which are designed for creating value through exploration of business opportunities. According to Casadesus?Masanell and Zhu, (2013), business model is commonly referred as the interdependent activity system, which surpasses the pivotal firm and expands its boundaries. On the contrary, Zott and Amit, (2013) brought about their viewpoint that business model defines the statement, description, representation, architecture, conceptual tool, structural template, framework and pattern of a particular business. It is the plan for a successful business operation through identifying the sources of revenue, product, detailed financing and intended customer base. The activities of organizations and its partners have huge impact on the business model conceptualization. While considering the viewpoint of Zott et al., (2011), business model is comprised of certain elements, which are interlocked. These are profit formula, customer value proposition, key resources and key processes for creating and delivering high business value. This model seeks both capturing value and value creation through the utilization of value oriented activities, advanced technologies and effective revenue and cost structure. On the other hand, Markides, (2013) opined that model can be the reflection of organizations realized strategy for gaining competitive edge over the rival companies. Competitive business model goes beyond the earning profit and revenue and it highly focuses on creating high level of customer value for enhanced competitive advantage. While considering the book The Business Model: Recent Developments and Future Research written by Zott, Amit and Massa, it can be seen that there are three types of business notions of enhancing business value. These business notions are e-business model archetype, business model as an activity system and revenue and cost architecture or technology management. Contemporary business organizations are highly dedicating extreme devotion to the business model constructed on e-business. Such business model signifies undertaking business operation electrically. This also encompasses internet based business, e-commerce and e-market. Moreover, Zott et al., (2011) opined that in e-business model, companies ensure profitable dealings with their business partners and buyers over the internet. As per Schneider and Spieth, (2013), new progression in communication and information technologies has amplified the magnitude of improved business value. Furthermore, the swift development and emergence of internet as well as swift deterioration in computing and communicational cost allows the firms towards creating and delivering high value. Bohnsack et al., (2014) opined that the e-commerce, e-shops and e-communication allows direct interaction with the customers through direct product delivery to customers, direct feedback from the customers and direct commu nication with the customers. The digital content of e-business model has the potential to reach out to mass customers through strategic marketing and attract huge customer base towards the product or services. Business model as activity system denotes value creation and value capture through activities. According to Zott et al., (2011), business model activity system defines set of business capabilities, which are configured towards qualifying the creation of organizational value, which will be consistent enough with either social or economic strategic purposes. As per this business model, value creation mechanism goes beyond value, which can be realized through innovation, formational of strategic network among firms, configuration of value chain and exploration of organizational core competencies. According to Bohnsack et al., (2014) business model as activity system is always concerned with creating unique value to the customers for gaining competitive advantage over the rivals. Unique features distinguish an organization from the others in the market and foster competitive gain towards increased business performance. Business model as cost/revenue architecture can be represented as technology and innovation framework. While considering the viewpoint of Zott et al., (2011), it can be said that organizations have the ability to incorporate technological innovation and ideas according to the business model. On the contrary, Carayannis et al., (2015) discoursed that the model can signify latest innovation dimensions. These dimensions have the ability to extent outmoded process, products and organizational modernization. Furthermore, this involves new collaboration forms and mutual collaboration within the company for augmented innovation. An imperative part of business model is capturing value from initial technological stage over exposing the potential value embedded in the technology and convert them into market outcomes. Integration of new technology advances the operational and commercial activities of the business, which enhances the economic value of an organization. On the other hand, organiza tions can also use open innovation, where the organizations mostly look outside the organizational boundaries for leveraging external source of ideas. However, at the same time, the organizations also look for internal ideas towards advance business process. With increasing competition in the business environment, organizations need to conceptualize and upgrade their flow of business operations through proper business model. Such models would help them in meeting the business values. Static and dynamic problems are highly ubiquitous both for small as well as large scale organizations. Business models can effectively manage the static business problems like cost structure, organizational resources and organizational structure. Business model based of cost/revenue structure assists in quantifying the available revenue source of the process of business operation (Carayannis et al., 2015). With the help of this process, organizations have the ability to incorporate proper make or buy choice for modified operational and production process. On the other hand, model of e-business contributes in innovation process, which also gains newest operative technologies, so that positive business operations are achieved. The business model based on value creation facilitates in correlating the static and dynamic business challenges like organizational structure, revenues and operational structure for gaining maximized organizational profit (DaSilva Trkman, 2014). Dynamic business problems are quite tough to manage, as it frequently changes with the changing market condition. Moreover, organizations always face issues in their business operations with the dynamic changes in customer trends, demand and supply for products, product diversification and government policies. Such business problems can effectively be mitigated through value creation business model and e-business model (Markides, 2013). In such business models, organizations can get direct interaction with the customers, which can facilitate the organization towards identifying customer trends and changing customer preferences. Figure 1: Business Model Framework (Source: Amit Zott, 2015) Business context assess the surrounding business environment of an organization. Moreover, business context find out the problems and scope of the business in its surrounding environment. It can involve organization itself, its stakeholders, system, process and others. In todays first moving business environment, organizations are facing frequent changes in its business context. Therefore, competitive businesses need to keep pace with such changes in the business context for beating the market competition and gaining competitive edge. Moreover, organizational changes are inevitable for successful business. According to Carayannis et al., (2015), technology is rapidly changing in contemporary business context. In such situation, utilization of backdated technological equipments can prevent the success level of the organization. Therefore, the organizations should change their technological background for beating the competition in the market. On the other hand, Schneider and Spieth, ( 2013) opined that customer preferences are also changing with their changing needs and demand. Therefore, organizations should frequently change their business model with the changes of customer preferences. While considering the impact and importance of business model, Planet Innovation organization can be considered as the best example. In the resent past the organization had to face issues related to its value chain. This is because the organization was initially dealing with local and to some extent with national organizations. Services were mostly confined under consultancy and product designing for its partners and clients. The business model that was constructed initially was quite basic and simple with limited locale, partner, client type, information technology, resource, value and channels. Planet Innovation started to expand from the latter half of 2014, where it extended its services to international market including new innovation base in North America (Langsdon et al., 2017). Also, with the extent of services, the organization started producing innovative items for its in-house machinery. Finally, it started developing its own products into new market selling through niche marketing. Therefore, it is evident enough that the organizations initial business model was impacted through change arising from market expansion and diversification that included plenty of new customer type, partners, customer relationship and asset management (Bohnsack et al., 2014). Organizational managers had to quantify the importance of different stakeholders, distribution channels, talent management and value proposition before developing the latest business model as shown in figure 2. Figure 2: Hybrid Business Model Framework (Source: DaSilva Trkman, 2014 Conclusion While concluding the study, it can be said that business model is a set of interdependent activities, which explores business opportunities towards gaining business profit. As per the business model book written by Zott, Amit and Massa, there are three types of business model like e-business model, business model as activity system and business model as cost revenue structure. All these models facilitate organizations towards adding competitive advantage in beating market competition. Moreover, such models help in solving both static and dynamic organizational problems. For instance, Planet Innovation uses the mixture of e-business model and business model as activity system for offering unique feature in all their product categories. Moreover, they have changed their traditional business model for gaining competitive advantage over the rival companies. References Amit, R., Zott, C. (2015). Crafting business architecture: The antecedents of business model design.Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal,9(4), 331-350. Bohnsack, R., Pinkse, J., Kolk, A. (2014). Business models for sustainable technologies: Exploring business model evolution in the case of electric vehicles.Research Policy,43(2), 284-300. Carayannis, E. G., Sindakis, S., Walter, C. (2015). 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